< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ninþaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *nent-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nant- (“to fight, dare”).[1][2] Related to Old Irish néit (“battle, combat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnin.θɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*ninþaną[3][4]
- to dare, venture
Inflection
Conjugation of *ninþaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *ninþō | *ninþaų | — | *ninþai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *ninþizi | *ninþaiz | *ninþ | *ninþazai | *ninþaizau |
| 3rd singular | *ninþidi | *ninþai | *ninþadau | *ninþadai | *ninþaidau |
| 1st dual | *ninþōz | *ninþaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *ninþadiz | *ninþaidiz | *ninþadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *ninþamaz | *ninþaim | — | *ninþandai | *ninþaindau |
| 2nd plural | *ninþid | *ninþaid | *ninþid | *ninþandai | *ninþaindau |
| 3rd plural | *ninþandi | *ninþain | *ninþandau | *ninþandai | *ninþaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *nanþ | *nundį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *nanst | *nundīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *nanþ | *nundī | |||
| 1st dual | *nundū | *nundīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *nundudiz | *nundīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *nundum | *nundīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *nundud | *nundīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *nundun | *nundīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *ninþandz | *nundanaz | |||
Related terms
- *nanþaz
- *nanþijaną
- *nanþō
Descendants
- Old High German: *nindan, ginindan
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 755
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 201
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ninþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 391
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*nenþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 284