Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/newun

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*negun (Ingvaeonic and Istvaeonic)

Etymology

From earlier *newunt, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥, with -t added through influence of *tehun (“ten”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈne.wun/

Numeral

**Proto-Germanic cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : newun Ordinal* : newundô Multiplier* : *newunfalþaz

*newun

nine

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *neun
- Old English: nigon, nigen, nigan, niogen, nygon
  - Middle English: nyne, nine, nin, niȝen, neghen, neyen, nyen, niwon, niȝhenn
    - English: nine
    - Scots: nine, neen
    - Yola: neen
- Old Frisian: niugun, nigun, niogen
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: njüügen
    Helgoland: neägen
    Mooring and Wiedingharde: nüügen
    Sylt: niigen
  - Saterland Frisian: njúgen
  - West Frisian: njoggen
- Old Saxon: nigun
  - Middle Low German: negen
    - German Low German: negen
    - Plautdietsch: näajen
- Old Dutch: nigun
  - Middle Dutch: nēgen
    - Dutch: negen
      - Afrikaans: nege
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: negn
      - Jersey Dutch: nêxe
      - Negerhollands: negen, neegen, negon
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: negen
      - → Aukan: neigin
      - → Sranan Tongo: neigi
        → Saramaccan: neígi, neni
    - Limburgish: nege
    - Zealandic: negen
- Old High German: niun
  - Middle High German: niun
    - Alemannic German: nüün, nin, nine
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: nòine, noüne
      Mòcheno: nai'n
    - German: neun
    - Luxembourgish: néng
    - Yiddish: נײַן‎ (nayn)
Proto-Norse: ᚾᛁᚢ (niu)
- Old Norse: níu, nío
  - Icelandic: níu
  - Faroese: níggju
  - Norn: ni
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ni, nio, nie; (dialectal) niu
  - Elfdalian: niu
  - Old Swedish: nīo
    - Swedish: nio
  - Danish: ni
    - Norwegian Bokmål: ni
  - Gutnish: nei, neie, näiu, neiå
Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun)