< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neutaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to seize; grasp; use”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈneu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*neutaną[1][2]
- to use, to make use of
- to enjoy (the use of)
Inflection
Conjugation of *neutaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *neutō | *neutaų | — | *neutai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *niutizi | *neutaiz | *neut | *neutazai | *neutaizau |
| 3rd singular | *niutidi | *neutai | *neutadau | *neutadai | *neutaidau |
| 1st dual | *neutōz | *neutaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *neutadiz | *neutaidiz | *neutadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *neutamaz | *neutaim | — | *neutandai | *neutaindau |
| 2nd plural | *niutid | *neutaid | *niutid | *neutandai | *neutaindau |
| 3rd plural | *neutandi | *neutain | *neutandau | *neutandai | *neutaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *naut | *nutį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *naust | *nutīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *naut | *nutī | |||
| 1st dual | *nutū | *nutīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *nutudiz | *nutīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *nutum | *nutīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *nutud | *nutīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *nutun | *nutīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *neutandz | *nutanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *ganeutaną
- *nautijaną
- *nautiz
- *nutiz
- *nutō
- *nautą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *neutan
- Old English: nēotan
- Middle English: neoten (in derivatives)
- Old Frisian: niāta, nieta
- Old Saxon: niotan
- Middle Low German: nēten
- Old Dutch: nietan
- Middle Dutch: nieten
- Dutch: nieten (obsolete)
- Limburgish: nete
- Middle Dutch: nieten
- Old High German: niozan, nioʐʐan, niaʐan
- Middle High German: niezen
- German: nießen
- Middle High German: niezen
- Old English: nēotan
- Old Norse: njóta
- Icelandic: njóta
- Faroese: njóta
- Westrobothnian: njuut, niwt
- Old Swedish: niūta
- Swedish: njuta
- → Finnish: nauttia
- Old Danish: *niute
- Danish: nyde
- Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (niutan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*neutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*neutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 285