< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nanþijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *ninþaną (“to dare”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*nanþijaną
- to dare
Inflection
Conjugation of *nanþijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *nanþijō | *nanþijaų | — | *nanþijai | ? |
2nd singular | *nanþīsi | *nanþijais | *nanþī | *nanþijasai | *nanþijaisau |
3rd singular | *nanþīþi | *nanþijai | *nanþijaþau | *nanþijaþai | *nanþijaiþau |
1st dual | *nanþijōs | *nanþijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *nanþijaþiz | *nanþijaiþiz | *nanþijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *nanþijamaz | *nanþijaim | — | *nanþijanþai | *nanþijainþau |
2nd plural | *nanþīþ | *nanþijaiþ | *nanþīþ | *nanþijanþai | *nanþijainþau |
3rd plural | *nanþijanþi | *nanþijain | *nanþijanþau | *nanþijanþai | *nanþijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *nanþidǭ | *nanþidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *nanþidēz | *nanþidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *nanþidē | *nanþidēdī | |||
1st dual | *nanþidēdū | *nanþidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *nanþidēdudiz | *nanþidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *nanþidēdum | *nanþidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *nanþidēdud | *nanþidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *nanþidēdun | *nanþidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *nanþijandz | *nanþidaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *nanþijan
- Old English: nēþan
- Old Frisian: nētha
- Old Saxon: nāthian
- Middle Low German: nêden
- Old Dutch: nenden
- Middle Dutch: nenden
- Old High German: nenden
- Middle High German: nenden
- Old Norse: nenna
- Westrobothnian: nännäs, nennäs
- Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anananþjan)
- Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gananþjan)
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383