< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/muþraz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *múHtrom (“excrement, filth”).
Noun
*muþraz m[1]
- sediment
Inflection
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *muþraz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *muþraz | *muþrōz, *muþrōs | |
| vocative | *muþr | *muþrōz, *muþrōs | |
| accusative | *muþrą | *muþranz | |
| genitive | *muþras, *muþris | *muþrǫ̂ | |
| dative | *muþrai | *muþramaz | |
| instrumental | *muþrō | *muþramiz | |
Descendants
- English: mother (“sediment, yeast”)
- Middle Dutch: modder (“filth, dregs”)
- Dutch: modder (“mud”), moeder
- ⇒ Dutch: moer (“sediment formed in alcoholic drinks and vinegar”)
- Dutch: modder (“mud”), moeder
- Middle Low German: modder, modde, mōde (“mud”)
- German Low German: modder (“mud”)
- → German: Modder (“mud”)
- → Middle High German: moder (“mold, swamp”)
- German: Moder (“decomposing mass, moldiness”)
- German Low German: modder (“mud”)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*muþraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 278