< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/meltaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Related to Sanskrit मर्दति (mardati, “to crush, grind”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmel.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*meltaną[1][2]
- (intransitive) to dissolve, to melt
Inflection
Conjugation of *meltaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *meltō | *meltaų | — | *meltai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *miltizi | *meltaiz | *melt | *meltazai | *meltaizau |
| 3rd singular | *miltidi | *meltai | *meltadau | *meltadai | *meltaidau |
| 1st dual | *meltōz | *meltaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *meltadiz | *meltaidiz | *meltadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *meltamaz | *meltaim | — | *meltandai | *meltaindau |
| 2nd plural | *miltid | *meltaid | *miltid | *meltandai | *meltaindau |
| 3rd plural | *meltandi | *meltain | *meltandau | *meltandai | *meltaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *malt | *multį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *malst | *multīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *malt | *multī | |||
| 1st dual | *multū | *multīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *multudiz | *multīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *multum | *multīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *multud | *multīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *multun | *multīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *meltandz | *multanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *maltaz
- *maltijaną
- *multiz
Related terms
- *multą
- *multōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *meltan
- Old English: meltan
- Middle English: melten
- Scots: melt
- English: melt
- Middle English: melten
- Old English: meltan
- Old Norse: melta
- Icelandic: melta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: melta
- ⇒ Old Norse: moltinn
- Norwegian Nynorsk: molten
- Swedish: multen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*meltan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*meltanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 267