Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marhaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marhaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Celtic *markos. This is generally reconstructed as being from Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”), but other theories exist; see that page for further discussion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr.xɑz/

Noun

*marhaz m

1. horse

   Synonym: *ehwaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *marhaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*marhaz	*marhōz, *marhōs
vocative	*marh	*marhōz, *marhōs
accusative	*marhą	*marhanz
genitive	*marhas, *marhis	*marhǫ̂
dative	*marhai	*marhamaz
instrumental	*marhō	*marhamiz

Derived terms

• *marhaskalkaz
• *marhijō

Descendants

• Old English: mearh, mear
  • Middle English: mearh
    • English: mare
• Old Frisian: mar
• Old Frankish: *marh, *marhskalk
  • Old Dutch: *mar, marskalk
    • Middle Dutch: marscalc, maerscalc
      • Dutch: maarschalk
  • Mediaeval Latin: mariscalcus
    • Italian: maniscalco
    • Old French: marescal, mareschal
      • French: maréchal
      • English: marshal
      • Spanish: mariscal
• Old High German: marh, march, marah
  • Middle High German: marc
  • Italian: Maremma
• Old Norse: marr
  • Icelandic: mar
  • Swedish: märr (for females)
• Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 (*marhs)
  • (possibly) → Albanian: magar
  • (possibly) → Romanian: măgar