< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/manniskaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *mann- + *-iskaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɑn.nis.kɑz/
Adjective
*manniskaz
- human, manlike
Inflection
Declension of *manniskaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *manniskaz | *manniskai | *manniskō | *manniskôz | *manniską, -atō | *manniskō |
| Accusative | *manniskanǭ | *manniskanz | *manniskǭ | *manniskōz | *manniską, -atō | *manniskō |
| Genitive | *manniskas, -is | *manniskaizǫ̂ | *manniskaizōz | *manniskaizǫ̂ | *manniskas, -is | *manniskaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *manniskammai | *manniskaimaz | *manniskaizōi | *manniskaimaz | *manniskammai | *manniskaimaz |
| Instrumental | *manniskanō | *manniskaimiz | *manniskaizō | *manniskaimiz | *manniskanō | *manniskaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *manniskô | *manniskaniz | *manniskǭ | *manniskōniz | *manniskô | *manniskōnō |
| Accusative | *manniskanų | *manniskanunz | *manniskōnų | *manniskōnunz | *manniskô | *manniskōnō |
| Genitive | *manniskiniz | *manniskanǫ̂ | *manniskōniz | *manniskōnǫ̂ | *manniskiniz | *manniskanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *manniskini | *manniskammaz | *manniskōni | *manniskōmaz | *manniskini | *manniskammaz |
| Instrumental | *manniskinē | *manniskammiz | *manniskōnē | *manniskōmiz | *manniskinē | *manniskammiz |
Descendants
In several daughter languages, this word only survives as a substantivised form of the weak declension. In Proto-Germanic, this would have originally meant 'he who/that which is human'.
- Old English: mennisċ
- Middle English: mennesc, mennish, mænnisc, mannish
- English: mennish, mannish
- Middle English: mennesc, mennish, mænnisc, mannish
- Old Frisian: menniska, manniska
- Saterland Frisian: Moanske
- North Frisian: mansche
- West Frisian: minske
- Old Saxon: mennisk, mennisko
- Middle Low German: mensche, minsche
- Low German:
- Dutch Low Saxon: meanske, méénse
- German Low German: Minsch
- Hamburgisch: Mensch
- Westphalian:
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Minske
- Westmünsterlandian: Mensk, Menske, Määnske, Määske, Mense, Mentse, Mainske, Maiske
- Plautdietsch: Mensch
- Low German:
- → Old Norse: [Term?]
- Icelandic: manneskja
- Faroese: menniskja
- Norwegian: menneske
- Old Swedish: mænniskia
- Swedish: människa
- Danish: menneske
- Westrobothnian: männisch
- Middle Low German: mensche, minsche
- Old Dutch: *mennisko
- Middle Dutch: mensc, mensch
- Dutch: mens
- Middle Dutch: mensc, mensch
- Old High German: mennisko, mennisk
- Middle High German: mensch, mensche
- Alemannic German: Mänsch
- Bavarian: Mensch
- Mòcheno: mènsch
- Central Franconian:
- Kölsch: Minsch
- German: Mensch
- Luxembourgish: Mënsch
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: Mensch
- Vilamovian: menś
- Yiddish: מענטש (mentsh)
- → English: mensch, mentch (both influenced by German)
- Middle High German: mensch, mensche
- Old Norse: mennskr, mennska
- Icelandic: mennskur
- Faroese: menskur
- Old Swedish: mænsker
- → Middle English: menske
- English: mensk, mense
- Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (mannisks)