Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/magaþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *maguz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑ.ɣɑθs/

Noun

*magaþs f[1][2]

maiden, girl
virgin

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *magaþs (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*magaþs	*magaþiz
vocative	*magaþ	*magaþiz
accusative	*magaþų	*magaþunz
genitive	*magaþiz	*magaþǫ̂
dative	*magaþi	*magaþumaz
instrumental	*magaþē	*magaþumiz

Alternative reconstructions

*magaþiz[3]

Synonyms

*mawilǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *magaþ
- Old English: mæġþ, mæġeþ
  - Middle English: mæið, meið, maið, maȝþ
  - ⇒ Old English: mæġden
    - Middle English: maiden, meiden, maydene, mayde, maide
      - English: maiden, maid
      - Scots: maidin, maid
- Old Frisian: megith, megeth, mageth
  - Saterland Frisian: Moagd, Maiden
  - West Frisian: maegd; (> meide, meidzje)
- Old Saxon: magath
  - Middle Low German: māget, mait, meit, meyt
    - German Low German: Maid
- Old Dutch: magith
  - Middle Dutch: māget, meit
    - Dutch: maagd, meid
- Old High German: magad
  - Middle High German: maget, magt, mait
    - German: Magd, Maid
    - Luxembourgish: Mod
    - Yiddish: מויד‎ (moyd), מאַד‎ (mad)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: magedin
      - German: Mädchen
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃 (magaþs)

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 279: “*magaþ-”
Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PGmc, PWGmc *magaþ-”
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*magaþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 279: “*magaþ-”

[2] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PGmc, PWGmc *magaþ-”

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*magaþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN