< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūtaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈluː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*lūtaną[1][2]
- to bow down, lout
Inflection
Conjugation of *lūtaną (strong class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *lūtō | *lūtaų | — | *lūtai | ? |
2nd singular | *lūtizi | *lūtaiz | *lūt | *lūtazai | *lūtaizau |
3rd singular | *lūtidi | *lūtai | *lūtadau | *lūtadai | *lūtaidau |
1st dual | *lūtōz | *lūtaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *lūtadiz | *lūtaidiz | *lūtadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *lūtamaz | *lūtaim | — | *lūtandai | *lūtaindau |
2nd plural | *lūtid | *lūtaid | *lūtid | *lūtandai | *lūtaindau |
3rd plural | *lūtandi | *lūtain | *lūtandau | *lūtandai | *lūtaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *laut | *lutį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *laust | *lutīz | |||
3rd singular | *laut | *lutī | |||
1st dual | *lutū | *lutīw | |||
2nd dual | *lutudiz | *lutīdiz | |||
1st plural | *lutum | *lutīm | |||
2nd plural | *lutud | *lutīd | |||
3rd plural | *lutun | *lutīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *lūtandz | *lutanaz |
Related terms
- *lūtilaz
- *lutjaną
- *lutōną
- *leutaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *lūtan
- Old English: lūtan
- Middle English: louten
- Scots: loot, lout
- English: lout
- Middle English: louten
- Old English: lūtan
- Old Norse: lúta
- Icelandic: lúta
- Faroese: lúta
- Norwegian: lute
- Old Swedish: lūta
- Swedish: luta
- Danish: lude
- Elfdalian: lauta
- Westrobothnian: luuss
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*lūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*lūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 252