< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūkaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *leukaną
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈluː.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to turn, bend”).
Verb
*lūkaną[1][2]
- to close, to shut
Inflection
Conjugation of *lūkaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *lūkō | *lūkaų | — | *lūkai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *lūkizi | *lūkaiz | *lūk | *lūkazai | *lūkaizau |
| 3rd singular | *lūkidi | *lūkai | *lūkadau | *lūkadai | *lūkaidau |
| 1st dual | *lūkōz | *lūkaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *lūkadiz | *lūkaidiz | *lūkadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *lūkamaz | *lūkaim | — | *lūkandai | *lūkaindau |
| 2nd plural | *lūkid | *lūkaid | *lūkid | *lūkandai | *lūkaindau |
| 3rd plural | *lūkandi | *lūkain | *lūkandau | *lūkandai | *lūkaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *lauk | *lukį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *lauht | *lukīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *lauk | *lukī | |||
| 1st dual | *lukū | *lukīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *lukudiz | *lukīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *lukum | *lukīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *lukud | *lukīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *lukun | *lukīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *lūkandz | *lukanaz | |||
Related terms
- *luką
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *lūkan, *leukan
- Old English: lūcan
- Middle English: luken, louken
- English: lock (merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)
- Scots: louk, lowk
- Middle English: luken, louken
- Old Frisian: lūka
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke
- West Frisian: lûke
- Old Saxon: lūkan
- ⇒ Middle Low German: belûken
- ⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken
- Old Dutch: *lūcan
- Middle Dutch: luken
- Dutch: luiken
- Middle Dutch: luken
- Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan
- Middle High German: lūchen, liechen
- German: lauchen, liechen
- ⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan
- ⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan
- ⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan
- Middle High German: lūchen, liechen
- Old English: lūcan
- Old Norse: lúka, ljúka
- Icelandic: lúka, ljúka
- Faroese: lúka
- Norwegian Bokmål: lukke
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lukka
- Old Swedish: lūka
- Swedish: lucka
- Westrobothnian: luuk
- Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*lukan) (in 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (galukan) and 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (uslukan))
Verb
*lūkaną[3]
- Alternative form of *leukaną
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*leukan- ~ *lūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*lūkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*lūkanan ~ *leukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 252