< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liþugaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Presumably from *liþuz (“joint, member”) + *-gaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈli.θu.ɣɑz/
Adjective
*liþugaz
- flexible, free, unoccupied
Inflection
Declension of *liþugaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *liþugaz | *liþugai | *liþugō | *liþugôz | *liþugą, -atō | *liþugō |
| Accusative | *liþuganǭ | *liþuganz | *liþugǭ | *liþugōz | *liþugą, -atō | *liþugō |
| Genitive | *liþugas, -is | *liþugaizǫ̂ | *liþugaizōz | *liþugaizǫ̂ | *liþugas, -is | *liþugaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *liþugammai | *liþugaimaz | *liþugaizōi | *liþugaimaz | *liþugammai | *liþugaimaz |
| Instrumental | *liþuganō | *liþugaimiz | *liþugaizō | *liþugaimiz | *liþuganō | *liþugaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *liþugô | *liþuganiz | *liþugǭ | *liþugōniz | *liþugô | *liþugōnō |
| Accusative | *liþuganų | *liþuganunz | *liþugōnų | *liþugōnunz | *liþugô | *liþugōnō |
| Genitive | *liþuginiz | *liþuganǫ̂ | *liþugōniz | *liþugōnǫ̂ | *liþuginiz | *liþuganǫ̂ |
| Dative | *liþugini | *liþugammaz | *liþugōni | *liþugōmaz | *liþugini | *liþugammaz |
| Instrumental | *liþuginē | *liþugammiz | *liþugōnē | *liþugōmiz | *liþuginē | *liþugammiz |
Descendants
- Old English: liþiġ
- Middle English: lethi
- English: lithy
- Middle English: lethi
- Old Frisian: lethoch, lethech, lethich
- Saterland Frisian: leedich
- West Frisian: liddich, leeg
- Old Saxon: *lithig
- Middle Low German: ledich
- German Low German: leddig
- Plautdietsch: lädich
- → Danish: ledig
- → Swedish: ledig
- → Norwegian: ledig
- Middle Low German: ledich
- Frankish: *lithig
- Old Dutch: *lithig
- Dutch: lēdich
- Dutch: ledig, leeg
- Dutch: lēdich
- → Old French: liege, lige
- → English: liege
- Old Dutch: *lithig
- Old High German: *lidig
- Middle High German: lidic, lidec, ledic, ledec (forms with -e- possibly due to Northern influence)
- German: ledig
- Yiddish: ליידיק (leydik)
- Middle High German: lidic, lidec, ledic, ledec (forms with -e- possibly due to Northern influence)
- Old Norse: liðugr
- Icelandic: liðugur
- Faroese: liðugur
- Old Swedish: lidhugher
- Swedish: ledig (likely from Low German)