< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lifnaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *lībaną (“to remain”) + *-naną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliɸ.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*lifnaną[1]
- to remain, to be left
Inflection
Conjugation of *lifnaną (weak class 4)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *lifnō | *lifnaų | — | — | — |
2nd singular | *lifnōsi | *lifnais | *lifnō | — | — |
3rd singular | *lifnōþi | *lifnai | *lifnōþau | — | — |
1st dual | *lifnōs | *lifnaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *lifnaþiz | *lifnaiþiz | *lifnaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *lifnamaz | *lifnaim | — | — | — |
2nd plural | *lifnaþ | *lifnaiþ | *lifnaþ | — | — |
3rd plural | *lifnanþi | *lifnain | *lifnanþau | — | — |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *lifnōdǭ | *lifnōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *lifnōdēz | *lifnōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *lifnōdē | *lifnōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *lifnōdēdū | *lifnōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *lifnōdēdudiz | *lifnōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *lifnōdēdum | *lifnōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *lifnōdēdud | *lifnōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *lifnōdēdun | *lifnōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *lifnandz | — |
Related terms
- *laibijaną
- *libjaną
Descendants
- Old Norse: lifna
- Old Norse: lifna
- Icelandic: lifna
- Old Swedish: limna, lifna
- Swedish: lemna (original spelling, now superseded), lämna
- Old Danish: leffnæ
- Danish: levne
- → Norwegian Bokmål: levne
- Danish: levne
- Old Norse: lifna
- Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*lifnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aflifnan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*lifnōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 245