< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leukaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break”), cognate with Sanskrit रुजति (rujáti, “to break open”), Lithuanian láužti (“to break”) and Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem, “to break, to loose”).[1]
Verb
*leukaną[1]
- to pull, pluck, weed
Inflection
Conjugation of *leukaną (strong class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *leukō | *leukaų | — | *leukai | ? |
2nd singular | *liukizi | *leukaiz | *leuk | *leukazai | *leukaizau |
3rd singular | *liukidi | *leukai | *leukadau | *leukadai | *leukaidau |
1st dual | *leukōz | *leukaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *leukadiz | *leukaidiz | *leukadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *leukamaz | *leukaim | — | *leukandai | *leukaindau |
2nd plural | *liukid | *leukaid | *liukid | *leukandai | *leukaindau |
3rd plural | *leukandi | *leukain | *leukandau | *leukandai | *leukaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *lauk | *lukį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *lauht | *lukīz | |||
3rd singular | *lauk | *lukī | |||
1st dual | *lukū | *lukīw | |||
2nd dual | *lukudiz | *lukīdiz | |||
1st plural | *lukum | *lukīm | |||
2nd plural | *lukud | *lukīd | |||
3rd plural | *lukun | *lukīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *leukandz | *lukanaz |
Alternative forms
- *lūkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *leukan
- Old English: lūcan
- Middle English: louken
- English: louk, look (“to weed”) (dialectal)
- Middle English: louken
- Old Frisian: lūka
- West Frisian: lûke
- Old Saxon: *lūkan
- Middle Low German: lûken
- Low German: luken
- ⇒ Low German: lucksen
- → German: abluchsen (partially)
- ⇒ Low German: lucksen
- Low German: luken
- Middle Low German: lûken
- Old High German: liohhan
- Middle High German: liechen
- German: liechen
- Middle High German: liechen
- Old English: lūcan
Verb
*leukaną
- Alternative form of *lūkaną
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*lūkanan ~ *leukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 252