< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leudaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰ-e-ti, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈleu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*leudaną[1][2]
- To sprout; spring up; grow
Inflection
Conjugation of *leudaną (strong class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *leudō | *leudaų | — | *leudai | ? |
2nd singular | *liudizi | *leudaiz | *leud | *leudazai | *leudaizau |
3rd singular | *liudidi | *leudai | *leudadau | *leudadai | *leudaidau |
1st dual | *leudōz | *leudaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *leudadiz | *leudaidiz | *leudadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *leudamaz | *leudaim | — | *leudandai | *leudaindau |
2nd plural | *liudid | *leudaid | *liudid | *leudandai | *leudaindau |
3rd plural | *leudandi | *leudain | *leudandau | *leudandai | *leudaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *laud | *ludį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *laust | *ludīz | |||
3rd singular | *laud | *ludī | |||
1st dual | *ludū | *ludīw | |||
2nd dual | *lududiz | *ludīdiz | |||
1st plural | *ludum | *ludīm | |||
2nd plural | *ludud | *ludīd | |||
3rd plural | *ludun | *ludīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *leudandz | *ludanaz |
Derived terms
- *uzleudaną
Related terms
- *laudaz
- *leudaz
- *leudō
- *liudiz
- *ludjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *leudan
- Old English: lēodan
- Middle English: leoden
- Old Saxon: liodan
- Old High German: liotan
- Old English: lēodan
- ⇒ Old Norse: loðinn (past participle)
- Icelandic: loðinn
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lòden
- Swedish: luden
- Danish: lodden
- Norwegian Bokmål: lodden
- Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (liudan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*leudan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 332
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*leuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 242