< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laugnijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *laugnaz (“hidden”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɑu̯ɣ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*laugnijaną
- to conceal; gainsay; deny
Inflection
Conjugation of *laugnijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *laugnijō | *laugnijaų | — | *laugnijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *laugnīsi | *laugnijais | *laugnī | *laugnijasai | *laugnijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *laugnīþi | *laugnijai | *laugnijaþau | *laugnijaþai | *laugnijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *laugnijōs | *laugnijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *laugnijaþiz | *laugnijaiþiz | *laugnijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *laugnijamaz | *laugnijaim | — | *laugnijanþai | *laugnijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *laugnīþ | *laugnijaiþ | *laugnīþ | *laugnijanþai | *laugnijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *laugnijanþi | *laugnijain | *laugnijanþau | *laugnijanþai | *laugnijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *laugnidǭ | *laugnidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *laugnidēz | *laugnidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *laugnidē | *laugnidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *laugnidēdū | *laugnidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *laugnidēdudiz | *laugnidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *laugnidēdum | *laugnidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *laugnidēdud | *laugnidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *laugnidēdun | *laugnidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *laugnijandz | *laugnidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian
- Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen
- Scots: lain
- English: lain
- Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen
- Old Frisian: lēina, laina
- Old Saxon: lōgnian; lāgnian, lagnian
- Middle Low German: lôchenen
- → Saterland Frisian: löägenje (< lāgnian)
- → West Frisian: leagenje (< lāgnian)
- Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen
- Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen
- Dutch: loochenen
- Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen
- Old High German: louganen
- Middle High German: löugenen, lougen
- German: leugnen
- Middle High German: löugenen, lougen
- Old Norse: leyna
- Icelandic: leyna
- Faroese: loyna
- Old Swedish: lø̄na
- → Middle English: leynen, laynen
- English: lain
- Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laugnjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN