< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiþāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *laiþaz (“loathsome”) + *-āną.
Verb
*laiþāną
- to loathe, to detest, to revile
Inflection
Conjugation of *laiþāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *laiþō | *? | — | *? | *? |
| 2nd singular | *laiþaisi | *? | *laiþai | *laiþāsai | *? |
| 3rd singular | *laiþaiþi | *? | *laiþāþau | *laiþāþai | *? |
| 1st dual | *laiþōs | *? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *laiþāþiz | *? | *laiþāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *laiþāmaz | *? | — | *laiþānþai | *? |
| 2nd plural | *laiþaiþ | *? | *laiþaiþ | *laiþānþai | *? |
| 3rd plural | *laiþānþi | *? | *laiþānþau | *laiþānþai | *? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *laiþadǭ | *laiþadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *laiþadēz | *laiþadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *laiþadē | *laiþadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *laiþadēdū | *laiþadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *laiþadēdudiz | *laiþadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *laiþadēdum | *laiþadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *laiþadēdud | *laiþadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *laiþadēdun | *laiþadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *laiþāndz | *laiþadaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *laiþēn
- Old English: lāþian
- Middle English: lathen, lothen
- English: loathe
- → Scots: lothe
- Scots: lathe, laith
- English: loathe
- Middle English: lathen, lothen
- Old Saxon: lēthōn
- Old Dutch: *lēthon
- Middle Dutch: lêden
- Old High German: leidēn, leidōn
- Middle High German: leiden
- Old English: lāþian
- Old Norse: leiða, leiðask
- Icelandic: leiða, leiðast
- Danish: ledes