< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːz/
Noun
*kūz f
- cow
Inflection
The exact inflection of this word is uncertain, but likely alternated between the stems *kū- and *kwō-. The former originates from an earlier *kwōu- in which the long vowel was assimilated to the adjacent labials.
consonant stemDeclension of *kūz (consonant stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *kūz | *kwōiz | |
vocative | *kū | *kwōiz | |
accusative | *kwǭ | *kwōnz | |
genitive | *kwōiz | *kwōǫ̂ | |
dative | *kwōi | *kwōmaz | |
instrumental | *kwōē | *kwōmiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kū
- Old English: cū
- Middle English: cou, cow, cowe, cu, kow, kowe, ku
- English: cow (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: coo, coe, cou
- Yola: keow
- Middle English: cou, cow, cowe, cu, kow, kowe, ku
- Old Frisian: kū
- North Frisian: ko, kø, kü
- Saterland Frisian: Ku
- West Frisian: ko
- Old Saxon: kō
- Middle Low German: kô
- German Low German: Koh, Kauh, Ko, Koo, Kuh
- Plautdietsch: Koo
- Middle Low German: kô
- Old Dutch: cuo
- Middle Dutch: coe
- Dutch: koe
- Afrikaans: koei
- Berbice Creole Dutch: kui
- Jersey Dutch: kû, kûche, kûtše, kûtśe
- Negerhollands: koei, kui, kuj
- Skepi Creole Dutch: kui
- → Loup A: kui (derived from a colloquial form)
- → Mahican: kójak
- → Munsee: kóowuy, kooy
- Limburgish: ków
- West Flemish: koe
- Dutch: koe
- Middle Dutch: coe
- Old High German: kuo
- Middle High German: kuo
- Alemannic German: Chue
- Alsatian: Küeh
- Walser: Chua
- Bavarian: Kuah
- Cimbrian: khua
- Mòcheno: kua
- Central Franconian: Koh, Kuh
- Hunsrik: Kuh
- Luxembourgish: Kou
- East Franconian: Kou, Kua, Kuu
- German: Kuh
- Pennsylvania German: Kuh
- Vilamovian: kü
- Yiddish: קו (ku)
- Alemannic German: Chue
- Middle High German: kuo
- Old English: cū
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: kýr
- Icelandic: kýr
- Faroese: kúgv, kú
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ku
- Norwegian Bokmål: ku
- Jamtish: kú
- Elfdalian: tjyr
- Old East Norse: *kōʀ
- Westrobothnian: ko
- Old Swedish: kō
- Swedish: ko
- Old Danish: kō
- Danish: ko
- Old West Norse: kýr
- → Proto-Samic: *kusë
- Western Samic:
- Southern Sami: govse
- Ume Sami: guvssa
- Pite Sami: gussa
- Lule Sami: gussa
- Northern Sami: gussa
- Eastern Samic:
- Inari Sami: kussâ
- Skolt Sami: kuss
- Western Samic: