< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwīnaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyH- (“to dwindle”) or possibly, Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*kwīnaną[1]
- to wither, to dwindle
Inflection
Conjugation of *kwīnaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kwīnō | *kwīnaų | — | *kwīnai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *kwīnizi | *kwīnaiz | *kwīn | *kwīnazai | *kwīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | *kwīnidi | *kwīnai | *kwīnadau | *kwīnadai | *kwīnaidau |
| 1st dual | *kwīnōz | *kwīnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kwīnadiz | *kwīnaidiz | *kwīnadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kwīnamaz | *kwīnaim | — | *kwīnandai | *kwīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | *kwīnid | *kwīnaid | *kwīnid | *kwīnandai | *kwīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | *kwīnandi | *kwīnain | *kwīnandau | *kwīnandai | *kwīnaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kwain | *kwinį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kwaint | *kwinīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kwain | *kwinī | |||
| 1st dual | *kwinū | *kwinīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kwinudiz | *kwinīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kwinum | *kwinīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kwinud | *kwinīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kwinun | *kwinīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kwīnandz | *kwinanaz | |||
Related terms
- *kwinkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kwīnan
- Old English: *cwīnan
- ⇒ Old English: ācwīnan
- Old Frisian: *quīna
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
- ⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: *quīnan
- Middle Low German: quînen
- German Low German: quienen
- Middle Low German: quînen
- Old Dutch: quīnan
- Middle Dutch: quinen
- Dutch: kwijnen
- Middle Dutch: quinen
- Old High German: *quīnan
- Middle High German: *quīnen
- ⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen
- Middle High German: *quīnen
- Old English: *cwīnan
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319