< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwiknaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *kwikwaz (“alive”) + *-naną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʷik.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*kwiknaną[1]
- to come to life
Inflection
Conjugation of *kwiknaną (weak class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kwiknō | *kwiknaų | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *kwiknōsi | *kwiknais | *kwiknō | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *kwiknōþi | *kwiknai | *kwiknōþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *kwiknōs | *kwiknaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kwiknaþiz | *kwiknaiþiz | *kwiknaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kwiknamaz | *kwiknaim | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *kwiknaþ | *kwiknaiþ | *kwiknaþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *kwiknanþi | *kwiknain | *kwiknanþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kwiknōdǭ | *kwiknōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kwiknōdēz | *kwiknōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kwiknōdē | *kwiknōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kwiknōdēdū | *kwiknōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kwiknōdēdudiz | *kwiknōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kwiknōdēdum | *kwiknōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kwiknōdēdud | *kwiknōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kwiknōdēdun | *kwiknōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kwiknandz | — | |||
Descendants
- Old Norse: kvikna, kykna
- Icelandic: kvikna
- Faroese: kvikna
- Danish: kvikne
- Old Swedish: qvikna
- Swedish: kvickna
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne
- Westrobothnian: kvinkän
- →? Middle English: quikenen
- English: quicken
- Scots: quikkin, quickin
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)
Further reading
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 259
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwiwa- ~ *kwikwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320