< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwellaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip, stream”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip, ooze”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkwel.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*kwellaną[1]
- to well
- to gush, stream
Inflection
Conjugation of *kwellaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kwellō | *kwellaų | — | *kwellai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *kwillizi | *kwellaiz | *kwell | *kwellazai | *kwellaizau |
| 3rd singular | *kwillidi | *kwellai | *kwelladau | *kwelladai | *kwellaidau |
| 1st dual | *kwellōz | *kwellaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kwelladiz | *kwellaidiz | *kwelladiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kwellamaz | *kwellaim | — | *kwellandai | *kwellaindau |
| 2nd plural | *kwillid | *kwellaid | *kwillid | *kwellandai | *kwellaindau |
| 3rd plural | *kwellandi | *kwellain | *kwellandau | *kwellandai | *kwellaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kwall | *kullį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kwallt | *kullīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kwall | *kullī | |||
| 1st dual | *kullū | *kullīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kulludiz | *kullīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kullum | *kullīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kullud | *kullīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kullun | *kullīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kwellandz | *kullanaz | |||
Related terms
- *kwellǭ
Descendants
- West Germanic: *kwellan
- Old Saxon: quellan
- Old Dutch: *quellan
- Middle Dutch: quellen
- Dutch: kwellen
- Middle Dutch: quellen
- Old High German: quellan
- Middle High German: quellen
- German: quellen
- Middle High German: quellen
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227