< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kutjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Possibly related to *ketwą (“meat”). Also compare *kwetwą (“flesh”). For possible sense development, compare Latin carō (“meat”), which probably was originally "a piece of meat cut off".
Verb
*kutjaną
- to cut
Inflection
Conjugation of *kutjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kutjō | *kutjaų | — | *kutjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *kutisi | *kutjais | *kuti | *kutjasai | *kutjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *kutiþi | *kutjai | *kutjaþau | *kutjaþai | *kutjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *kutjōs | *kutjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kutjaþiz | *kutjaiþiz | *kutjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kutjamaz | *kutjaim | — | *kutjanþai | *kutjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *kutiþ | *kutjaiþ | *kutiþ | *kutjanþai | *kutjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *kutjanþi | *kutjain | *kutjanþau | *kutjanþai | *kutjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kutidǭ | *kutidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kutidēz | *kutidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kutidē | *kutidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kutidēdū | *kutidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kutidēdudiz | *kutidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kutidēdum | *kutidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kutidēdud | *kutidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kutidēdun | *kutidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kutjandz | *kutidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old Norse: kytja, kutta
- Icelandic: kutta
- → Middle English: cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten
- Scots: kut, kit
- English: cut
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “ketwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286