< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunþaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
*kunnaną (“to know”) + *-þaz. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.From Pre-Germanic *ǵń̥h₃tos, via unexplained accent shift from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃tós.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkun.θɑz/
Participle
*kunþaz[1][2]
- past participle of *kunnaną
Adjective
*kunþaz
- known
Inflection
Declension of *kunþaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kunþaz | *kunþai | *kunþō | *kunþôz | *kunþą, -atō | *kunþō |
| Accusative | *kunþanǭ | *kunþanz | *kunþǭ | *kunþōz | *kunþą, -atō | *kunþō |
| Genitive | *kunþas, -is | *kunþaizǫ̂ | *kunþaizōz | *kunþaizǫ̂ | *kunþas, -is | *kunþaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kunþammai | *kunþaimaz | *kunþaizōi | *kunþaimaz | *kunþammai | *kunþaimaz |
| Instrumental | *kunþanō | *kunþaimiz | *kunþaizō | *kunþaimiz | *kunþanō | *kunþaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kunþô | *kunþaniz | *kunþǭ | *kunþōniz | *kunþô | *kunþōnō |
| Accusative | *kunþanų | *kunþanunz | *kunþōnų | *kunþōnunz | *kunþô | *kunþōnō |
| Genitive | *kunþiniz | *kunþanǫ̂ | *kunþōniz | *kunþōnǫ̂ | *kunþiniz | *kunþanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kunþini | *kunþammaz | *kunþōni | *kunþōmaz | *kunþini | *kunþammaz |
| Instrumental | *kunþinē | *kunþammiz | *kunþōnē | *kunþōmiz | *kunþinē | *kunþammiz |
Derived terms
- *frakunþaz
- *kundį̄
- *kunþijaną
- *unkunþaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kunþ
- Old English: cūþ
- Scots: couth
- English: couth
- Old Frisian: kūth
- Saterland Frisian: cut
- Old Saxon: kūth
- Old Dutch: cunt
- Middle Dutch: cont
- Dutch: kond
- Middle Dutch: cont
- Old High German: kund
- German: kund
- Old English: cūþ
- Old Norse: kunnr, kuðr
- Icelandic: kunnur, kuður
- Faroese: kunnur
- Westrobothnian: -kån
- Old Swedish: kunder
- Swedish: kund
- Old Danish:
- Danish: kund
- Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs)
References
- “couth, adj. (and n.1)”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1893. - “cǒuth, adj. (& n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.