< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Closely related to the preterite-present verb *kunnaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkun.nɑː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*kunnāną[1]
- to get to know, to become familiar with
- to test, to try
- to experience
Inflection
Conjugation of *kunnāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kunnō | *? | — | *? | *? |
| 2nd singular | *kunnaisi | *? | *kunnai | *kunnāsai | *? |
| 3rd singular | *kunnaiþi | *? | *kunnāþau | *kunnāþai | *? |
| 1st dual | *kunnōs | *? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kunnāþiz | *? | *kunnāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kunnāmaz | *? | — | *kunnānþai | *? |
| 2nd plural | *kunnaiþ | *? | *kunnaiþ | *kunnānþai | *? |
| 3rd plural | *kunnānþi | *? | *kunnānþau | *kunnānþai | *? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kunnadǭ | *kunnadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kunnadēz | *kunnadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kunnadē | *kunnadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kunnadēdū | *kunnadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kunnadēdudiz | *kunnadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kunnadēdum | *kunnadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kunnadēdud | *kunnadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kunnadēdun | *kunnadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kunnāndz | *kunnadaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kunnēn
- Old English: cunnian
- Old Saxon: *kunnōn
- ⇒ Old Saxon: gikunnōn
- Old Dutch: *kunnon
- ⇒ Old Dutch: bikunnon
- Old High German: kunnēn
- Gothic: *𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*kunnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (atkunnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gakunnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ufkunnan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*kunnēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 224