Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kukjaną

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kukjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Most likely onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuk.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kukjaną[1][2]

1. to kiss

Inflection

Conjugation of *kukjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kukjō	*kukjaų	—	*kukjai	?
2nd singular	*kukisi	*kukjais	*kuki	*kukjasai	*kukjaisau
3rd singular	*kukiþi	*kukjai	*kukjaþau	*kukjaþai	*kukjaiþau
1st dual	*kukjōs	*kukjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kukjaþiz	*kukjaiþiz	*kukjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kukjamaz	*kukjaim	—	*kukjanþai	*kukjainþau
2nd plural	*kukiþ	*kukjaiþ	*kukiþ	*kukjanþai	*kukjainþau
3rd plural	*kukjanþi	*kukjain	*kukjanþau	*kukjanþai	*kukjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kukidǭ	*kukidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kukidēz	*kukidēdīz
3rd singular	*kukidē	*kukidēdī
1st dual	*kukidēdū	*kukidēdīw
2nd dual	*kukidēdudiz	*kukidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kukidēdum	*kukidēdīm
2nd plural	*kukidēdud	*kukidēdīd
3rd plural	*kukidēdun	*kukidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kukjandz	*kukidaz

Related terms

• *kussijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kukkjan
  • Old Saxon: *kukkian
    • Middle Low German: kükken
      • Low German: kükken
        • →? Dutch: kukken
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kukjan)

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kukjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309
2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*kukjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 222