Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to curve, bend, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkrup.pɑz/

Noun

*kruppaz m

a body; mass
a compressed, round mass; lump; ball
a group; bunch; collection
(of harvest, fruit, plant, corn) a crop; bunch; cluster; head (of grain)
(of a bird) a crop

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kruppaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kruppaz	kruppōz, kruppōs
vocative	*krupp	kruppōz, kruppōs
accusative	*kruppą	*kruppanz
genitive	kruppas, kruppis	*kruppǫ̂
dative	*kruppai	*kruppamaz
instrumental	*kruppō	*kruppamiz

Descendants

Old English: cropp
- Middle English: croppe, crop
  - Scots: crap, crop, croip, cropt, croup, croop
  - English: crop
Old Frisian: *krop
- Saterland Frisian: Krop
- West Frisian: krop
Old Saxon: kropp, krop
- Middle Low German: krop
  - Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Krop Krip
    Suerländer-Märkisch: Kropp
    Westmünsterländisch: Kropp
  - Plautdietsch: Kropp
Frankish: *krupp, *kropp
- Old Dutch: *kropp, crop
  - Middle Dutch: crop
    - Dutch: krop
      - Afrikaans: krop
- → Latin: *cruppo
  - Italian: gruppo, groppo
    - → French: groupe
      - → English: group
      - → Irish: grúpa
    - → Spanish: grupo, gorupo
Old High German: kropf, kroph
- Middle High German: kropf, kroph
  - German: Kropf
  - Luxembourgish: Krapp
Old Norse: kroppr
- Icelandic: kroppur
- Faroese: kroppur
- Norwegian: kropp
- Westrobothnian: krópp
- Old Swedish: kropper, krupper
  - Swedish: kropp
- Danish: krop
- → Old French: croupe
  - Middle French: croupe
    - French: croupe
      - → Italian: groppa
      - → Spanish: grupa
      - → Portuguese: garupa
      - → Occitan: cropa
      - → German: Krupp
  - → Middle English: croupe
    - → English: croup