< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krunkōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkruŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*krunkōną
- to turn, wind
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krunk- against non-singular *krung-.
Conjugation of *krunkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *krunkō | *krunkǭ | — | *krunkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *krunkōsi | *krunkōs | *krunkō | *krunkōsai | *krunkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *krunkōþi | *krunkō | *krunkōþau | *krunkōþai | *krunkōþau |
| 1st dual | *krunkōs | *krunkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *krunkōþiz | *krunkōþiz | *krunkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *krunkōmaz | *krunkōm | — | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *krunkōþ | *krunkōþ | *krunkōþ | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *krunkōnþi | *krunkōn | *krunkōnþau | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *krunkōdǭ | *krunkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *krunkōdēz | *krunkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *krunkōdē | *krunkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *krunkōdēdū | *krunkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *krunkōdēdudiz | *krunkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *krunkōdēdum | *krunkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *krunkōdēdud | *krunkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *krunkōdēdun | *krunkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *krunkōndz | *krunkōdaz | |||
Descendants
- (English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)
- Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN