< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klībaną
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibāną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkliː.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*klībaną[1][2]
- to stick, cling to
Inflection
Conjugation of *klībaną (strong class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *klībō | *klībaų | — | *klībai | ? |
2nd singular | *klībizi | *klībaiz | *klīb | *klībazai | *klībaizau |
3rd singular | *klībidi | *klībai | *klībadau | *klībadai | *klībaidau |
1st dual | *klībōz | *klībaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *klībadiz | *klībaidiz | *klībadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *klībamaz | *klībaim | — | *klībandai | *klībaindau |
2nd plural | *klībid | *klībaid | *klībid | *klībandai | *klībaindau |
3rd plural | *klībandi | *klībain | *klībandau | *klībandai | *klībaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *klaib | *klibį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *klaift | *klibīz | |||
3rd singular | *klaib | *klibī | |||
1st dual | *klibū | *klibīw | |||
2nd dual | *klibudiz | *klibīdiz | |||
1st plural | *klibum | *klibīm | |||
2nd plural | *klibud | *klibīd | |||
3rd plural | *klibun | *klibīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *klībandz | *klibanaz |
Derived terms
- *klaibijaną
- *klaibō
- *klibą
- *klibāną
- *klibraz
- *klimbaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *klīban
- Old English: clīfan
- Middle English: cleven (conflated with *klibēn)
- English: cleave
- Scots: cleve, cleif
- Middle English: cleven (conflated with *klibēn)
- ⇒ Old Saxon: biklīban
- Old Dutch: *clīvan
- Middle Dutch: cliven
- Dutch: klijven
- Middle Dutch: cliven
- Old High German: klīban
- Middle High German: klīben
- Old English: clīfan
- Old Norse: klífa
- Icelandic: klífa
- Old Swedish: klīva
- Swedish: kliva
- Elfdalian: klaiva
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292-293
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*klībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 216