< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klaimijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *klaimaz (“clay”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈklɑi̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*klaimijaną[1][2]
- to smear with clay, mortar
Inflection
Conjugation of *klaimijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *klaimijō | *klaimijaų | — | *klaimijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *klaimīsi | *klaimijais | *klaimī | *klaimijasai | *klaimijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *klaimīþi | *klaimijai | *klaimijaþau | *klaimijaþai | *klaimijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *klaimijōs | *klaimijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *klaimijaþiz | *klaimijaiþiz | *klaimijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *klaimijamaz | *klaimijaim | — | *klaimijanþai | *klaimijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *klaimīþ | *klaimijaiþ | *klaimīþ | *klaimijanþai | *klaimijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *klaimijanþi | *klaimijain | *klaimijanþau | *klaimijanþai | *klaimijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *klaimidǭ | *klaimidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *klaimidēz | *klaimidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *klaimidē | *klaimidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *klaimidēdū | *klaimidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *klaimidēdudiz | *klaimidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *klaimidēdum | *klaimidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *klaimidēdud | *klaimidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *klaimidēdun | *klaimidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *klaimijandz | *klaimidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *klaimijan
- Old English: clǣman
- Middle English: clemen
- English: cleam
- Middle English: clemen
- Old Dutch: *clēmen
- Middle Dutch: clêmen
- Old High German: *kleimen
- ⇒ Old High German: bikleimen (“to stain”)
- Old English: clǣman
- Old Norse: kleima
- Icelandic: kleima
- Faroese: kleima
- Norwegian Bokmål: kleime
- Elfdalian: kliema
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*klaimjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 214
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291: “klaimjan”