< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klagōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *klagō (“complaint, lament”) + *-ōną, of uncertain origin, with no solid cognates outside of West Germanic.[1][2]
Compared to the descendants of Proto-Indo-Iranian *garȷ́ʰ- (“to complain”) (from Proto-Indo-European *g(w)eRǵh-[3]) but the schwebeablaut makes this questionable. Bjorvand/Lindeman assume an onomatopoeic origin.[4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈklɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*klagōną
- to wail, to yammer, to lament
- to complain
Inflection
Conjugation of *klagōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *klagō | *klagǭ | — | *klagōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *klagōsi | *klagōs | *klagō | *klagōsai | *klagōsau |
| 3rd singular | *klagōþi | *klagō | *klagōþau | *klagōþai | *klagōþau |
| 1st dual | *klagōs | *klagōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *klagōþiz | *klagōþiz | *klagōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *klagōmaz | *klagōm | — | *klagōnþai | *klagōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *klagōþ | *klagōþ | *klagōþ | *klagōnþai | *klagōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *klagōnþi | *klagōn | *klagōnþau | *klagōnþai | *klagōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *klagōdǭ | *klagōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *klagōdēz | *klagōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *klagōdē | *klagōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *klagōdēdū | *klagōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *klagōdēdudiz | *klagōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *klagōdēdum | *klagōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *klagōdēdud | *klagōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *klagōdēdun | *klagōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *klagōndz | *klagōdaz | |||
Derived terms
- *klagō
Descendants
- Old Saxon: klagōn
- Middle Low German: klagen
- Low German: klagen
- → Danish: klage
- → Faroese: klaga (possibly via Danish klage)
- → Icelandic: klaga
- → Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: klage
- Norwegian Nynorsk: klage, klaga
- → Old Swedish: klagha
- Swedish: klaga
- Middle Low German: klagen
- Old Dutch: clagon
- Middle Dutch: clāgen
- Dutch: klagen
- Middle Dutch: clāgen
- Old High German: klagōn
- Middle High German: klagen
- Alemannic German: chlaage, chlage
- Cimbrian: khlaagan
- German: klagen
- Luxembourgish: kloen
- Middle High German: klagen
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “klagen”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “klago”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 187
- “Proto-Germanic/klagōną”, in: Bjorvand & Lindeman, Våre arveord, rev. ed. Oslo, 2007.