< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kirnijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *kernǭ + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkir.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*kirnijaną
- to churn
Inflection
Conjugation of *kirnijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kirnijō | *kirnijaų | — | *kirnijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *kirnīsi | *kirnijais | *kirnī | *kirnijasai | *kirnijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *kirnīþi | *kirnijai | *kirnijaþau | *kirnijaþai | *kirnijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *kirnijōs | *kirnijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kirnijaþiz | *kirnijaiþiz | *kirnijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kirnijamaz | *kirnijaim | — | *kirnijanþai | *kirnijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *kirnīþ | *kirnijaiþ | *kirnīþ | *kirnijanþai | *kirnijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *kirnijanþi | *kirnijain | *kirnijanþau | *kirnijanþai | *kirnijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kirnidǭ | *kirnidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kirnidēz | *kirnidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kirnidē | *kirnidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kirnidēdū | *kirnidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kirnidēdudiz | *kirnidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kirnidēdum | *kirnidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kirnidēdud | *kirnidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kirnidēdun | *kirnidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kirnijandz | *kirnidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: [Term?]
- Middle English: chernen
- English: churn
- Middle English: chernen
- Old Dutch: [Term?]
- Middle Dutch: kernen, carnen
- Dutch: karnen
- Middle Dutch: kernen, carnen
- Old Saxon: [Term?]
- Middle Low German: kirnen, kirnen
- → German: kirnen, kirnen
- Middle Low German: kirnen, kirnen
- Old Norse: [Term?]
- Icelandic: kirna
- Swedish: kärna
- Danish: kerna