Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kinkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gang-, *ganǵ- (“to mock, insult”). Cognate with Sanskrit गञ्ज (gañja, “disrespect”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkin.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kinkōną

to laugh loudly, kink

Inflection

Conjugation of *kinkōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kinkō	*kinkǭ	—	*kinkōi	*?
2nd singular	*kinkōsi	*kinkōs	*kinkō	*kinkōsai	*kinkōsau
3rd singular	*kinkōþi	*kinkō	*kinkōþau	*kinkōþai	*kinkōþau
1st dual	*kinkōs	*kinkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kinkōþiz	*kinkōþiz	*kinkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kinkōmaz	*kinkōm	—	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau
2nd plural	*kinkōþ	*kinkōþ	*kinkōþ	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau
3rd plural	*kinkōnþi	*kinkōn	*kinkōnþau	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kinkōdǭ	*kinkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kinkōdēz	*kinkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kinkōdē	*kinkōdēdī
1st dual	*kinkōdēdū	*kinkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kinkōdēdudiz	*kinkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kinkōdēdum	*kinkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kinkōdēdud	*kinkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kinkōdēdun	*kinkōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kinkōndz	*kinkōdaz

Related terms

*kanką
*kankatjaną

Descendants

Old English: *cincian (attested in cincung); *cenċan
- Middle English: kinken, kynken; kenchen; kinkehost
  - Scots: kink; kinkhoste
  - English: kink; chincough
Old Frisian: *kinkja
- West Frisian: kinkhoast
Old Saxon: *kinkōn
- Middle Low German: *kinken; kinkhōste
  - Low German: kinkhōst
  - German: (Keichhusten, Keuchhusten)
  - Danish: kighoste
    - Icelandic: kíghósti
  - Swedish: kikhosta
Old Dutch: *kinkōn
- Middle Dutch: kincken, kinken; kinkhōste
  - Dutch: kinken; kinkhoest