< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keusaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwseti, from *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γεύω (geúō), Sanskrit जोषति (jóṣati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkeu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*keusaną[1][2]
- to test, to try
- to choose
Inflection
Conjugation of *keusaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *keusō | *keusaų | — | *keusai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *kiusizi | *keusaiz | *keus | *keusazai | *keusaizau |
| 3rd singular | *kiusidi | *keusai | *keusadau | *keusadai | *keusaidau |
| 1st dual | *keusōz | *keusaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *keusadiz | *keusaidiz | *keusadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *keusamaz | *keusaim | — | *keusandai | *keusaindau |
| 2nd plural | *kiusid | *keusaid | *kiusid | *keusandai | *keusaindau |
| 3rd plural | *keusandi | *keusain | *keusandau | *keusandai | *keusaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kaus | *kuzį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kaust | *kuzīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kaus | *kuzī | |||
| 1st dual | *kuzū | *kuzīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kuzudiz | *kuzīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kuzum | *kuzīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kuzud | *kuzīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kuzun | *kuzīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *keusandz | *kuzanaz | |||
Related terms
- *kauzijaną
- *kustiz
- *kustōną
- *kustuz
- *kuzą
- *kuziz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *keusan
- Old English: ċēosan
- Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse; cesen, cheosen
- English: choose
- Scots: chuise, cheese
- Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse; cesen, cheosen
- Old Frisian: kiāsa, ziāsa
- North Frisian: kese
- Saterland Frisian: kjoze
- West Frisian: kieze
- Old Saxon: kiosan
- Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen
- German Low German: kiesen
- Low German: kesen
- → Old Swedish: kesa
- Swedish: kesa
- → Danish: kejse
- → Westrobothnian: tjais (< keisen)
- → Scanian: késa
- Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen
- Old Dutch: *kiesan
- Middle Dutch: kiesen
- Dutch: kiezen
- Afrikaans: kies
- Dutch: kiezen
- Middle Dutch: kiesen
- Old High German: kiosan, chiosan
- Middle High German: kiesen
- German: kiesen
- Middle High German: kiesen
- Old English: ċēosan
- Old Norse: kjósa
- Icelandic: kjósa
- Faroese: kjósa
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kjose
- Old Swedish: kiūsa
- Swedish: tjusa
- Danish: kyse
- Gothic: 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan)
- → Proto-Slavic: *kousiti
- Old Church Slavonic: въкоусити (vŭkusiti)
- → Russian: вкуси́ть (vkusítʹ)
- Old Church Slavonic: въкоусити (vŭkusiti)
- → Proto-Slavic: *kousiti
- → Proto-Finnic: *kiusat'ak
- Finnish: kiusata
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*keusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*keusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213