Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kernǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“seed, germ”), in the sense of "remove or extract the kernel from"; yet this is disputed.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈker.nɔ̃ː/

Noun

*kernǭ f

a churn

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *kernǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kernǭ	*kernōniz
vocative	*kernǭ	*kernōniz
accusative	*kernōnų	*kernōnunz
genitive	*kernōniz	*kernōnǫ̂
dative	*kernōni	*kernōmaz
instrumental	*kernōnē	*kernōmiz

Derived terms

*kirnijaną
*kirnijǭ

Descendants

Old English: ċirin, ċyrin
- Middle English: chirne, chyrne, cherne
  - Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn (also possibly from Old Norse)
  - English: churn
Old Frisian: *tserne
- Saterland Frisian: Säddene
- West Frisian: tsjerne
Old Saxon: *kerna
- Middle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne
  - Low German: karne, Karne
  - German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne
Frankish: *kerna
- Old Dutch: *kerna
  - Middle Dutch: kerne, keerne
    - Dutch: karn
- Walloon: serene
Old Norse: kirna
- Icelandic: kirna
- Faroese: kirna
- Old Swedish: kirna, kerna
  - Swedish: kärna
- Danish: kjærne, kjerne
→ Finnish: kirnu
→ Latvian: ķērne