Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karō

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑ.rɔː/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *ǵh̥₂reh₂ or *ǵeh₂réh₂, *ǵoh₂réh₂ with pretonic shortening, according to Kroonen[1]; from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“voice, exclamation”). Cognate with Latin garriō (“to prate, chatter”), Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, call, sound”).

Noun

*karō f

1. complaint, lament, grievance, moan
2. worry, sorrow
3. care, concern

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *karō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*karō	*karôz
vocative	*karō	*karôz
accusative	*karǭ	*karōz
genitive	*karōz	*karǫ̂
dative	*karōi	*karōmaz
instrumental	*karō	*karōmiz

Derived terms

• *karagaz
• *karōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *karu
  • Old English: caru, ċearu
    • Middle English: care
      • Scots: care, cair
      • English: care
  • Old Frisian: kara
  • Old Saxon: kara
  • Old Dutch: *cara
    • Middle Dutch: cāre
  • Old High German: chara, kara
    • Middle High German: kar
      • ⇒ Middle High German: karvrītac (“Good Friday”)
        • Cimbrian: Kalbraitag
        • German: Karfreitag
        • Luxembourgish: Karfreideg
      • ⇒ Cimbrian: kartag
• Old Norse: kǫr
  • Icelandic: kör
  • Norwegian: kor
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scrape”).

Noun

*karō f

1. shavings, scrapings, litter

Declension

ō-stemDeclension of *karō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*karō	*karôz
vocative	*karō	*karôz
accusative	*karǭ	*karōz
genitive	*karōz	*karǫ̂
dative	*karōi	*karōmaz
instrumental	*karō	*karōmiz

Related terms

• *karjaną

Descendants

• Old High German: *kara, *chara
  • ⇒ Old High German: ubarkara, ubarchara
• ⇒ Old Norse: *kara
  • ⇒ Icelandic: kar n (“dirt, filth, waste litter”)
  • Norwegian: kara, karra (“to scrape, sweep”)

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN