Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaflaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”)[1]. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz[2], both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).[3]

Noun

*kaflaz m

jaw

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kaflaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kaflaz	kaflōz, kaflōs
vocative	*kafl	kaflōz, kaflōs
accusative	*kaflą	*kaflanz
genitive	kaflas, kaflis	*kaflǫ̂
dative	*kaflai	*kaflamaz
instrumental	*kaflō	*kaflamiz

Related terms

*kefutaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kafl
- Old English: ċeafl
  - Middle English: chavel, chevel, chaule; chefle, chafle; jawvel, jawle
    - English: jowl, chavel
    - Scots: choll, chowl, choul
    - Yola: choule
- Old Saxon: kafl
  - Middle Low German: kavel
- Old Dutch: *caval
  - Middle Dutch: *cāvel
    - Dutch: kavel (Flemish)
Old Norse: káfl

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 255: “*ĝeP- ‘± eat, masticate’”
Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Kiefer¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑ep(h)֊, g̑ebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 382

[1] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 255: “*ĝeP- ‘± eat, masticate’”

[2] Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Kiefer¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

[3] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑ep(h)֊, g̑ebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 382