< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-izô
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i.zɔːː/
Suffix
*-izô (adverb *-iz, superlative *-istaz)
- -er. Forms the comparative of certain adjectives.
Inflection
Declension of *-izô (an/īn-stem)
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *-izô | *-izaniz | *-izį̄ | *-izīniz | *-izô | *-izōnō |
Accusative | *-izanų | *-izanunz | *-izīnų | *-izīnunz | *-izô | *-izōnō |
Genitive | *-iziniz | *-izanǫ̂ | *-izīniz | *-izīnǫ̂ | *-iziniz | *-izanǫ̂ |
Dative | *-izini | *-izammaz | *-izīni | *-izīmaz | *-izini | *-izammaz |
Instrumental | *-izinē | *-izammiz | *-izīnē | *-izīmiz | *-izinē | *-izammiz |
Usage notes
This was the normal comparative suffix for all i-, u- and ja-stem adjectives. The regular a-stem adjectives sometimes used this suffix, and sometimes the related suffix *-ōzô without any predictable rule.
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic comparative adjectives
Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-izô
Descendants
- Old English: -ra
- English: -er
- Old Frisian: -era
- West Frisian: -er
- Old Saxon: -iro
- Old Dutch: *-iro, *-ero
- Middle Dutch: -er
- Dutch: -er
- Middle Dutch: -er
- Old High German: -iro
- German: -er
- Old Norse: -ri
- Icelandic: -ri
- Faroese: -ri
- Norwegian: -re
- Swedish: -re
- Danish: -re
- Westrobothnian: -r, -är
- Gothic: -𐌹𐌶𐌰 (-iza)