< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwītaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Kroonen notes a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytōr, genitive *ḱwitnós, a heteroclitic byform of *ḱweytos (“bright; shine”). The oblique stem, used to form *ḱwitnós would create a voiceless geminate stop tt assuming Kluge's law, which would be reduced to a single t after the heavy first syllable once the consonantism was analogically extended to other cases. Compare Proto-Slavic *světъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷiː.tɑz/
Adjective
*hwītaz
- white
- Synonyms: *blaikaz, *blankaz
Inflection
Declension of *hwītaz (a-stem)
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *hwītaz | *hwītai | *hwītō | *hwītôz | *hwītą, -atō | *hwītō |
Accusative | *hwītanǭ | *hwītanz | *hwītǭ | *hwītōz | *hwītą, -atō | *hwītō |
Genitive | *hwītas, -is | *hwītaizǫ̂ | *hwītaizōz | *hwītaizǫ̂ | *hwītas, -is | *hwītaizǫ̂ |
Dative | *hwītammai | *hwītaimaz | *hwītaizōi | *hwītaimaz | *hwītammai | *hwītaimaz |
Instrumental | *hwītanō | *hwītaimiz | *hwītaizō | *hwītaimiz | *hwītanō | *hwītaimiz |
Weak declension | ||||||
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *hwītô | *hwītaniz | *hwītǭ | *hwītōniz | *hwītô | *hwītōnō |
Accusative | *hwītanų | *hwītanunz | *hwītōnų | *hwītōnunz | *hwītô | *hwītōnō |
Genitive | *hwītiniz | *hwītanǫ̂ | *hwītōniz | *hwītōnǫ̂ | *hwītiniz | *hwītanǫ̂ |
Dative | *hwītini | *hwītammaz | *hwītōni | *hwītōmaz | *hwītini | *hwītammaz |
Instrumental | *hwītinē | *hwītammiz | *hwītōnē | *hwītōmiz | *hwītinē | *hwītammiz |
Derived terms
- *snaiwahwītaz
- *hwītijaną
- *hwītį̄
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hwīt
- Old English: hwīt
- Middle English: whit, hwit, white, whyte, whitt, whytt, whyt, whiȝt, qwyght, ȝwijt, wyghte, whiyt, whijt
- English: white (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: quhite, fyte, fite, whyte, white
- Yola: whit
- Middle English: whit, hwit, white, whyte, whitt, whytt, whyt, whiȝt, qwyght, ȝwijt, wyghte, whiyt, whijt
- Old Frisian: hwīt, wīt
- North Frisian: wit, witj
- Saterland Frisian: wiet
- West Frisian: wyt
- Old Saxon: hwīt
- Middle Low German: wit
- German Low German: witt
- Low German: witt
- Plautdietsch: witt
- Middle Low German: wit
- Old Dutch: wīt
- Middle Dutch: wit
- Dutch: wit
- Afrikaans: wit
- Limburgish: wiet
- Dutch: wit
- Middle Dutch: wit
- Old High German: wīz
- Middle High German: wīz, wīs
- Alemannic German: wiiss
- Italian Walser: wiss, wéiss
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: baiz, baizz, bais
- Mòcheno: bais
- Udinese: bais, baiss
- Central Franconian: wieß
- Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: wies
- German: weiß
- Luxembourgish: wäiss
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: weiss
- Vilamovian: wȧjs
- Yiddish: ווײַס (vays)
- Alemannic German: wiiss
- Middle High German: wīz, wīs
- Old English: hwīt
- Old Norse: hvítr
- Icelandic: hvítur
- Faroese: hvítur
- Norn: hvid
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kvit, (dialectal) kvit’u, kvit’e
- → Norwegian Bokmål: kvit
- Elfdalian: wait
- Old Swedish: hvīter
- Swedish: vit, hvit (pre-1906 spelling)
- Danish: hvid
- Norwegian Bokmål: hvit
- Old Gutnish: huit
- Gutnish: veitar, veita, veit
- Gothic: 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 (ƕeits)
- ⇒ Crimean Gothic: wichtgata
See also
*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz | *falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz | *blakaz, *swartaz |
*raudaz | *brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz | *gelwaz, *gulaz |
*grōniz | *grōniz | |
*blēwaz | *blēwaz, *hēwijaz | |
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz | *baswaz |