< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwatjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hwataz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hwatjaną[1]
- to sharpen; whet
- to instigate; incite
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwatjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwatjō | *hwatjaų | — | *hwatjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwatisi | *hwatjais | *hwati | *hwatjasai | *hwatjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hwatiþi | *hwatjai | *hwatjaþau | *hwatjaþai | *hwatjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hwatjōs | *hwatjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwatjaþiz | *hwatjaiþiz | *hwatjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwatjamaz | *hwatjaim | — | *hwatjanþai | *hwatjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hwatiþ | *hwatjaiþ | *hwatiþ | *hwatjanþai | *hwatjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hwatjanþi | *hwatjain | *hwatjanþau | *hwatjanþai | *hwatjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwatidǭ | *hwatidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwatidēz | *hwatidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwatidē | *hwatidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hwatidēdū | *hwatidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hwatidēdudiz | *hwatidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hwatidēdum | *hwatidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hwatidēdud | *hwatidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hwatidēdun | *hwatidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwatjandz | *hwatidaz | |||
Related terms
- *hwatō
- *hwatōną
- *hwētaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hwattjan
- Old English: hwettan
- Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn; whætte
- English: whet
- Scots: what
- Yola: what
- Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn; whætte
- Old Frisian: *hwetta; *hwettia
- Saterland Frisian: wätje
- West Frisian: hwetsje, hotsje
- Old Saxon: *hwettian
- Middle Low German: wetten
- German Low German: wetten
- Middle Low German: wetten
- Old Dutch: *wetten
- Middle Dutch: wetten
- Dutch: wetten
- Middle Dutch: wetten
- Old High German: hwezzen, wezzen
- Middle High German: wetzen
- Cimbrian: bétzan
- German: wetzen
- Middle High German: wetzen
- Old English: hwettan
- Old Norse: hvetja
- Icelandic: hvetja
- Faroese: hvøtja
- Norwegian: kvetja
- Old Swedish: hvætia
- Swedish: vättja, hvättja (dialectal)
- Danish: hvæde, hvætte (dialectal)
- Westrobothnian: gwätt, weti
- Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍈𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaƕatjan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xwatjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 199