< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huppōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *hubbōną[1]
Etymology
From a pre-Germanic iterative *kuP-néh₂-(ye-)ti, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”) (compare Latin cubō (“I recline”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”)); however, according to Kroonen the root must be *kup- with final *p, in view of Middle Dutch hobben.[1] Tentatively compare Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop, hunch”), Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hofar, hofir (“hump”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*huppōną[2][1]
- to move up and down; hop
Inflection
Conjugation of *huppōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *huppō | *huppǭ | — | *huppōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *huppōsi | *huppōs | *huppō | *huppōsai | *huppōsau |
| 3rd singular | *huppōþi | *huppō | *huppōþau | *huppōþai | *huppōþau |
| 1st dual | *huppōs | *huppōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *huppōþiz | *huppōþiz | *huppōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *huppōmaz | *huppōm | — | *huppōnþai | *huppōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *huppōþ | *huppōþ | *huppōþ | *huppōnþai | *huppōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *huppōnþi | *huppōn | *huppōnþau | *huppōnþai | *huppōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *huppōdǭ | *huppōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *huppōdēz | *huppōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *huppōdē | *huppōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *huppōdēdū | *huppōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *huppōdēdudiz | *huppōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *huppōdēdum | *huppōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *huppōdēdud | *huppōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *huppōdēdun | *huppōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *huppōndz | *huppōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *hupiz (“hip”) (possibly)
- *huppijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *huppōn, *hoppōn
- Old English: hoppian
- Middle English: hoppen; hobelen
- Scots: hop
- English: hop; hobble
- Middle English: hoppen; hobelen
- Old Frisian: *huppia, *hoppia
- Saterland Frisian: hupje, hopje
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: huppelje
- Saterland Frisian: hupje, hopje
- Old Saxon: *huppōn, *hoppōn
- Middle Low German: huppen; huppelen
- German Low German: huppeln
- → German: hoppeln
- Middle Low German: huppen; huppelen
- Old Dutch: *hoppon, *hobbon
- Middle Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen; huppelen
- Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hobbelen; huppelen
- Middle Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen; huppelen
- → Old French: hober, ober; hobin, hobi, obin
- Middle French: hobin, haubby, aubin
- French: aubin
- → Middle English: hobin, hobyn, hoby
- English: hobbyhorse, hobby
- Middle French: hobin, haubby, aubin
- Old High German: *huppōn, *hupfōn
- Middle High German: hopfen, hoppen
- Old English: hoppian
- Old Norse: hoppa
- Icelandic: hoppa
- Faroese: hoppa
- Norwegian: hoppe
- Old Swedish: hoppa, huppa
- Swedish: hoppa, (dialectal) hôpp
- Danish: hoppe
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hupp/bōn- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xuppōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 194