Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hungruz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hunhruz (East Germanic)

Etymology

From earlier *hunhruz, from Proto-Indo-European *kank-, *kenk- (“to burn, dry, pain, desire, hunger, thirst”). Cognate with Lithuanian kenkti (“to damage, blight”), Sanskrit काङ्क्षति (kāṅkṣati, “he wishes, desires”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxuŋ.ɡruz/

Noun

*hungruz m

(Northwest Germanic) hunger

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *hungruz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hungruz	*hungriwiz
vocative	*hungru	*hungriwiz
accusative	*hungrų	*hungrunz
genitive	*hungrauz	*hungriwǫ̂
dative	*hungriwi	*hungrumaz
instrumental	*hungrū	*hungrumiz

Derived terms

*hungrijaną
*hungrōną
*hungrugaz/*hungragaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hungr
- Old English: hungor
  - Middle English: hunger, hunngerr, hungor, hungær; hunguer, honguer, honger, hungre, hongre, hungere, hongur, hounger, hounguer, hungir, hungyr, hungur
    - English: hunger
    - Scots: hounger, hunger
- Old Frisian: hunger
  - West Frisian: honger, hûnger
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Geehunger
- Old Saxon: hungar
  - Middle Low German: hunger
    - German Low German: Hunger
- Old Dutch: hunger
  - Middle Dutch: honger
    - Dutch: honger
      - Afrikaans: honger
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: hungru
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: hunger
      - →? Sranan Tongo: angri, hangri
        → Saramaccan: hángi, ángi
    - Limburgish: hónger
- Old High German: hungar
  - Middle High German: hunger
    - Cimbrian: hungar, hummar
    - German: Hunger
    - Luxembourgish: Honger
    - Yiddish: הונגער‎ (hunger)
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: hungr
  - Icelandic: hungur
  - Norwegian: hunger
  - Old Swedish: hunger
    - Swedish: hunger
  - Danish: hunger
  - Westrobothnian: honger

From the variant *hunhruz:

Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌷𐍂𐌿𐍃 (hūhrus)