Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hundaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kun-tós, *ḱwn̥tós, an enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. For the enlargement compare Old Armenian սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxun.dɑz/

Noun

*hundaz m

dog
Hypernyms: *brakkô, *rakkuz, *bikjǭ, *hruþjô, *hwelpaz, *garmaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hundaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hundaz	hundōz, hundōs
vocative	*hund	hundōz, hundōs
accusative	*hundą	*hundanz
genitive	hundas, hundis	*hundǫ̂
dative	*hundai	*hundamaz
instrumental	*hundō	*hundamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hund
- Old English: hund
  - Middle English: hound, hund, honde
    - English: hound
    - Scots: hoond
- Old Frisian: hund
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: hünj
    Helgoland: Hin
    Mooring: hün
  - Saterland Frisian: Húund
  - West Frisian: hûn
- Old Saxon: hund
  - Middle Low German: hund
    - Low German:
      - German Low German:
        East Frisian: Hund
        Hamburgisch: Hond
      - Westphalian:
        Sauerländisch: Hund
        Westmünsterländisch: Hund
    - Plautdietsch: Hunt
      - → Estonian: hunt
- Old Dutch: hund
  - Middle Dutch: hont
    - Dutch: hond
      - Afrikaans: hond
    - Limburgish: hóndj
- Old High German: hunt
  - Middle High German: hunt
    - Alemannic German: Hund
      Alsatian: Hund
      Swabian: Hond
      Walser: hun, hund, hunn, hònn
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: hunt
      Mòcheno: hunt
      Udinese: hunt
    - Central Franconian: Hond, Honk; Hunk, Honk
      Hunsrik: Hund
      Kölsch: Hunk, Hungk
    - German: Hund
      - → Esperanto: hundo
        Ido: hundo
    - Luxembourgish: Hond
    - Vilamovian: hund
    - Yiddish: הונט‎ (hunt)
Proto-Norse: *ᚺᚢᛞᚨᛉ (*hudaʀ)
- Old Norse: hundr
  - Faroese: hundur
  - Icelandic: hundur
  - Norn: hund
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: hund, (dialectal) hund’e, hónd’e
  - Old Swedish: hunder
    - Swedish: hund
      - → Finnish: hunttu
    - Westrobothnian: hunn, heond, höund (< *húndr)
  - Old Danish: hund
    - Danish: hund
      - Norwegian Bokmål: hund
    - Scanian: hońń
  - Gutnish: hund
Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds)