< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hulaz (“hollow”) + *-ōną, or *hulą (“hole”) + *-ōną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxu.lɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hulōną[1][2]
- to hollow out, to make hollow
Inflection
Conjugation of *hulōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hulō | *hulǭ | — | *hulōi | ? |
2nd singular | *hulōsi | *hulōs | *hulō | *hulōsai | *hulōsau |
3rd singular | *hulōþi | *hulō | *hulōþau | *hulōþai | *hulōþau |
1st dual | *hulōs | *hulōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hulōþiz | *hulōþiz | *hulōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hulōmaz | *hulōm | — | *hulōnþai | *hulōnþau |
2nd plural | *hulōþ | *hulōþ | *hulōþ | *hulōnþai | *hulōnþau |
3rd plural | *hulōnþi | *hulōn | *hulōnþau | *hulōnþai | *hulōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hulōdǭ | *hulōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hulōdēz | *hulōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *hulōdē | *hulōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *hulōdēdū | *hulōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *hulōdēdudiz | *hulōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hulōdēdum | *hulōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *hulōdēdud | *hulōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *hulōdēdun | *hulōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hulōndz | *hulōdaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *holōn
- Old English: holian
- Middle English: holen
- English: hole
- Middle English: holen
- Old Saxon: *holōn
- Middle Low German: holen
- Old Dutch: *holon
- Middle Dutch: holen
- Dutch: holen (obsolete), hollen (backformed to the adjective)
- Middle Dutch: holen
- Old High German: holōn
- Middle High German: holen
- Old English: holian
- Old Norse: hola
- Icelandic: hola
- Gothic: *𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (*hulōn)
- Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (ushulōn)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hula-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253: “*hulōjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xulōjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 192