< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulþijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hulþaz (“inclined, favourable”) + *-janą, or *hulþô (“friend, trustee”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxul.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hulþijaną[1]
- to make into a friend, to court one's friendship
- to calm, to comfort
- to praise
Inflection
Conjugation of *hulþijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hulþijō | *hulþijaų | — | *hulþijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *hulþīsi | *hulþijais | *hulþī | *hulþijasai | *hulþijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hulþīþi | *hulþijai | *hulþijaþau | *hulþijaþai | *hulþijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hulþijōs | *hulþijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hulþijaþiz | *hulþijaiþiz | *hulþijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hulþijamaz | *hulþijaim | — | *hulþijanþai | *hulþijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hulþīþ | *hulþijaiþ | *hulþīþ | *hulþijanþai | *hulþijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hulþijanþi | *hulþijain | *hulþijanþau | *hulþijanþai | *hulþijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hulþidǭ | *hulþidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hulþidēz | *hulþidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hulþidē | *hulþidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hulþidēdū | *hulþidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hulþidēdudiz | *hulþidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hulþidēdum | *hulþidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hulþidēdud | *hulþidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hulþidēdun | *hulþidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hulþijandz | *hulþidaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *hulþijan
- Old High German: hulden
- Old Norse: hylla
- Icelandic: hylla
- Swedish: hylla
- Danish: hylde
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xulþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 192