< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulþaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *ḱel- (“to tend, lean, incline, bend, tip”). Cognate with Latin auscultō (“incline one's ear, listen, listen in, heed”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxul.θɑz/
Adjective
*hulþaz
- inclined, favourable (towards)
- gracious, devoted, loyal
- graceful
Inflection
Declension of *hulþaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulþaz | *hulþai | *hulþō | *hulþôz | *hulþą, -atō | *hulþō |
| Accusative | *hulþanǭ | *hulþanz | *hulþǭ | *hulþōz | *hulþą, -atō | *hulþō |
| Genitive | *hulþas, -is | *hulþaizǫ̂ | *hulþaizōz | *hulþaizǫ̂ | *hulþas, -is | *hulþaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulþammai | *hulþaimaz | *hulþaizōi | *hulþaimaz | *hulþammai | *hulþaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hulþanō | *hulþaimiz | *hulþaizō | *hulþaimiz | *hulþanō | *hulþaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulþô | *hulþaniz | *hulþǭ | *hulþōniz | *hulþô | *hulþōnō |
| Accusative | *hulþanų | *hulþanunz | *hulþōnų | *hulþōnunz | *hulþô | *hulþōnō |
| Genitive | *hulþiniz | *hulþanǫ̂ | *hulþōniz | *hulþōnǫ̂ | *hulþiniz | *hulþanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulþini | *hulþammaz | *hulþōni | *hulþōmaz | *hulþini | *hulþammaz |
| Instrumental | *hulþinē | *hulþammiz | *hulþōnē | *hulþōmiz | *hulþinē | *hulþammiz |
Antonyms
- *unhulþaz
Derived terms
- *hulþijaną
- *hulþô
- *unhulþaz
- *Hulþaberhtaz (“Holbert”)
Descendants
- Old English: hold
- Middle English: hold, holde
- English: hold
- Middle English: hold, holde
- Old Frisian: hold, houd
- Saterland Frisian: hold
- Old Saxon: hold
- Middle Low German: hold, hōlt, hult
- Old Dutch: hold
- Middle Dutch: holt, hout
- Dutch: hou
- Middle Dutch: holt, hout
- Old High German: hold
- Middle High German: holt
- German: hold
- Middle High German: holt
- Old Norse: hollr
- Icelandic: hollur
- Faroese: hollur
- Old Swedish: hulder
- Swedish: hull (obsolete), huld
- Danish: huld
- Norwegian Nynorsk: holl
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs)