< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huljaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Zero-grade present, pre-Germanic *ḱl̥ye/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), the root of *helaną (“to hide, conceal”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxul.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*huljaną[1]
- to cover, veil
Inflection
Conjugation of *huljaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *huljō | *huljaų | — | *huljai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hulisi | *huljais | *huli | *huljasai | *huljaisau |
| 3rd singular | *huliþi | *huljai | *huljaþau | *huljaþai | *huljaiþau |
| 1st dual | *huljōs | *huljaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *huljaþiz | *huljaiþiz | *huljaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *huljamaz | *huljaim | — | *huljanþai | *huljainþau |
| 2nd plural | *huliþ | *huljaiþ | *huliþ | *huljanþai | *huljainþau |
| 3rd plural | *huljanþi | *huljain | *huljanþau | *huljanþai | *huljainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hulidǭ | *hulidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hulidēz | *hulidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hulidē | *hulidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hulidēdū | *hulidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hulidēdudiz | *hulidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hulidēdum | *hulidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hulidēdud | *hulidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hulidēdun | *hulidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *huljandz | *hulidaz | |||
Derived terms
- *hulīniz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hulljan
- Old English: hyllan
- Old Frisian: hella
- Old Saxon: *hullian
- German Low German: hüllen
- Old Dutch: *hullen
- Middle Dutch: hullen
- Dutch: hullen
- Afrikaans: hul
- Dutch: hullen
- Middle Dutch: hullen
- Old High German: hullen
- German: hüllen
- Old Norse: hylja
- Icelandic: hylja
- Faroese: hylja
- Old Swedish: hylia
- Swedish: hölja
- Old Danish: hyliæ, hylæ, hyllæ
- Danish: hylle
- Gutnish: hyla
- → Middle English: hilen
- English: hill
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huljan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xuljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191