< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hukkōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *kuknéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to bend, curve(?)”). The strong verb *hūkaną was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit कुचति (kucati, “to make crooked”), Proto-Slavic *kukati ~ Proto-Slavic *kučati (“to squat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hukkōną
- to squat, sit hunched, cower
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hukk- against *hug-.
Conjugation of *hukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hukkō | *hukkǭ | — | *hukkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hukkōsi | *hukkōs | *hukkō | *hukkōsai | *hukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hukkōþi | *hukkō | *hukkōþau | *hukkōþai | *hukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *hukkōs | *hukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hukkōþiz | *hukkōþiz | *hukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hukkōmaz | *hukkōm | — | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hukkōþ | *hukkōþ | *hukkōþ | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hukkōnþi | *hukkōn | *hukkōnþau | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hukkōdǭ | *hukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hukkōdēz | *hukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hukkōdē | *hukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hukkōdēdū | *hukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hukkōdēdudiz | *hukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hukkōdēdum | *hukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hukkōdēdud | *hukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hukkōdēdun | *hukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hukkōndz | *hukkōdaz | |||
Descendants
- German: hocken
- Old Norse: hoka
- Icelandic: hoka
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN