< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hrōpaz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrɔː.pi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hrōpijaną[1]
- To call; cry
Inflection
Conjugation of *hrōpijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hrōpijō | *hrōpijaų | — | *hrōpijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hrōpīsi | *hrōpijais | *hrōpī | *hrōpijasai | *hrōpijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hrōpīþi | *hrōpijai | *hrōpijaþau | *hrōpijaþai | *hrōpijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hrōpijōs | *hrōpijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hrōpijaþiz | *hrōpijaiþiz | *hrōpijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hrōpijamaz | *hrōpijaim | — | *hrōpijanþai | *hrōpijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hrōpīþ | *hrōpijaiþ | *hrōpīþ | *hrōpijanþai | *hrōpijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hrōpijanþi | *hrōpijain | *hrōpijanþau | *hrōpijanþai | *hrōpijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hrōpidǭ | *hrōpidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hrōpidēz | *hrōpidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hrōpidē | *hrōpidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hrōpidēdū | *hrōpidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hrōpidēdudiz | *hrōpidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hrōpidēdum | *hrōpidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hrōpidēdud | *hrōpidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hrōpidēdun | *hrōpidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hrōpijandz | *hrōpidaz | |||
Related terms
- *hrōpaną
- *hrōpōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrōpijan
- Old English: hrēpan
- Old Saxon: *hrōpian
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian
- ⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian
- Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen
- Middle High German: rüefen
- Old Norse: hrœpa
- Danish: røbe
- Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hrōpjan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xrōpjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 188