< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrībaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-.
Doublet of *skrībaną, which was probably borrowed from Latin.
Verb
*hrībaną[1]
- to scratch
- to snatch, to grab
Inflection
Conjugation of *hrībaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hrībō | *hrībaų | — | *hrībai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hrībizi | *hrībaiz | *hrīb | *hrībazai | *hrībaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hrībidi | *hrībai | *hrībadau | *hrībadai | *hrībaidau |
| 1st dual | *hrībōz | *hrībaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hrībadiz | *hrībaidiz | *hrībadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hrībamaz | *hrībaim | — | *hrībandai | *hrībaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hrībid | *hrībaid | *hrībid | *hrībandai | *hrībaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hrībandi | *hrībain | *hrībandau | *hrībandai | *hrībaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hraib | *hribį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hraift | *hribīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hraib | *hribī | |||
| 1st dual | *hribū | *hribīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hribudiz | *hribīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hribum | *hribīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hribud | *hribīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hribun | *hribīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hrībandz | *hribanaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrīban
- Old Frisian: rīva
- Saterland Frisian: riiv
- Old Saxon: *hrīvan
- Middle Low German: rīven
- Low German: rieven
- Middle Low German: rīven
- Old Dutch: *rīvan
- Middle Dutch: riven
- Dutch: rijven
- Middle Dutch: riven
- Old Frisian: rīva
- Old Norse: hrífa
- Icelandic: hrífa
- Faroese: ríva
- Norwegian Bokmål: rive
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xrībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187