< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/
Etymology 1
From earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rengas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognates with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ.
Noun
*hringaz m
- ring, circle
- curve
Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *hringaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *hringaz | *hringōz, *hringōs | |
vocative | *hring | *hringōz, *hringōs | |
accusative | *hringą | *hringanz | |
genitive | *hringas, *hringis | *hringǫ̂ | |
dative | *hringai | *hringamaz | |
instrumental | *hringō | *hringamiz |
Derived terms
- *hringijaną
- *hringijǭ
- *hringōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hring
- Old English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ
- Middle English: ryng, rynge, ring
- English: ring
- Scots: ring
- Yola: ring
- → Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)
- Middle English: ryng, rynge, ring
- Old Frisian: hring
- North Frisian: Ring, Rink
- Saterland Frisian: Ring
- West Frisian: ring
- Old Saxon: hring
- Middle Low German: rinc, rink, ring
- German Low German: Ring
- Low German: rink
- Plautdietsch: Rinkj
- Middle Low German: rinc, rink, ring
- Old Dutch: ring
- Middle Dutch: rinc
- Dutch: ring
- Afrikaans: ring
- Negerhollands: rink, riṅ
- →? Aukan: linga
- → Indonesian: ring
- → Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)
- Limburgish: rink
- Dutch: ring
- Middle Dutch: rinc
- Old High German: ring, hring
- Middle High German: rinc, ring
- German: Ring
- Luxembourgish: Rank
- Yiddish: רינג (ring)
- Middle High German: rinc, ring
- → Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)
- → Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)
- Middle French: renge
- → Middle English: renge, raunge
- Old English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ
- Old Norse: hringr
- Icelandic: hringur
- Faroese: ringur
- Norn: ring
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ring
- Elfdalian: ringg
- Old Swedish: ringer
- Swedish: ring
- Old Danish: ring
- Danish: ring
- Norwegian Bokmål: ring
- Danish: ring
- Gutnish: ringg
- Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)
- → Italian: aringo, arringo
- Italian: aringa, arringa
- → Old French: harangue
- French: harangue
- → English: harangue
- → Occitan: arengua
- → Spanish: arenga
- → Portuguese: arenga
- → Latin: harenga
- → Italian: aringo, arringo
- Crimean Gothic: ringo
- → Proto-Finnic: *rengas (< *hrengaz) (see there for further descendants)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”). Cognate with Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”).
Noun
*hringaz m
- sound, ring
Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *hringaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *hringaz | *hringōz, *hringōs | |
vocative | *hring | *hringōz, *hringōs | |
accusative | *hringą | *hringanz | |
genitive | *hringas, *hringis | *hringǫ̂ | |
dative | *hringai | *hringamaz | |
instrumental | *hringō | *hringamiz |
Derived terms
- *hringijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hring
- Old English: hring
- Middle English: *ring
- English: ring
- Middle English: *ring
- Old English: hring